Abstract: Self-efficacy is a critical component of social cognitive theory, which is a primary influence on human thought, motivation, and action. Focused on managerial self-efficacy (MSE), this study investigated the effects of MSE on managers' work-related attitudes and performances. About 450 enterprise managers who were from different kinds of organizations in several provinces of China were surveyed. The latent variable path analyses of SEM (structural equation modeling) were used for data analyses. The results showed that: (1)MSE was positively associated with higher management effectiveness and more management innovations, (2)MSE was positively associated with job satisfaction and job involvement, (3)MSE was negatively associated with occupational strains.